Improvement in churns



J. H. DOUGHTY.

,Churn.

Patented Oct. 8, 1861.

N PEI'ERS. Plwmmho n ber. Washingiun. ac.

NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CHURN S.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 33,469, dated October 8, 1861.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES H. DOUGHTY, of Adamsville, in the county of Muskingum and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Churns;-and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which my improved churn is represented by a vertical axial section.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

A represents a common barrel-churn pro vided on each side and near the bottom thereof with brackets 12 b, which engage in hasps c c of the bed-piece A, by means of which the churn is rigidly held in position. One of the hasps Z) is rigidly fixed to the bed-piece, and the other 1) capable of being turned by withdrawing the pin 17', so as to permit the bracket, and consequently the barrel, to be removed.

B is a cover titted to the top of the barrel.

0 is a post secured to the bed-piece and formed at its upper end with a groove or slot in which a lever or handle D is fulcrumed.

E is a disk of somewhat smaller diameter than the barrel of the churn, securely fastened therein tothe bottom and provided with a number of contracted radial channels d in its upper surface.

G is a short inner cylinder secured concentrically upon the disk E.

J is the stait or dasher-rod, secured adjustably to the lever D, as shown, and provided with a piston K, fitted to work within the cylinder G. The piston K has two large apertures 7127c, guarded by valves f f, opening downward to a limited extent.

The operation is as follows: The churn is supplied with cream to a sufficient depth to overflow the top of the cylinder G, and a vertical reciprocating mot-ion impart d to the piston. The upward movement of the piston causes the cream to flow freely down through the apertures 70. The downward movement of the pistonclosing the valves f forces the cream out radially through the contracted channels d, producing compression, friction, and percussion, which break the globules and liberate the oily matter, thus resulting in the rapid formation of butter. The course of the cream is represented by arrows. It is impelled horizontally outward from the cylinder at bottom, as before explained, and, rising at the sides, flows inward at top and passes down into the cylinder asthe piston descends. By this means an active circulation is produced throughout the entire body of cream and every part of it is passed through the cylinder.

When it is desired to detach the churn from its bed-piece for cleaning or for any other purpose, it is accomplished by simply withdrawing the pin 1)", which allows the hasp c to be turned. The churn may then be detached.

The reciprocation of the-dasher may be accomplished by any suitable means.

I am aware that it is not new to force cream from one chamber to another through contracted channels, and likewise that churns have previously been used bearing analogy to mine in their general construction, as, for instance, those patented'to Stephen Ballard on the 16th of May, 1848, and to J. J. Lehaye on the 16th of August, 1859, in which a piston working in a cylinder is employed to .pump air beneath the cream; but I know of no previous instance in which a short internal cylinder entirelysubmerged in the cream has been employed in the particular combination I have described to produce a forced and continuous circulation of the cream, as explained. I do not therefore desire to be understood as claiming any of the parts of my invention otherwise than in the particular combination stated and arranged and employed in the manner explained.

WhatI claim as new and of my invention herein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- Y The combination of the barrel A, short submerged inner cylinder G, piston K, valveguarded apertures 7t 1, and radial channels (1-, the whole being constructed and arranged as herein shown and described, and operating in the manner and for thepurposes explained.

The above specification of my improved churn signed this 2d day of March, 1861.

JAMES H. DOUGHTY. Vitnesses: 1

OGTAVIUsKNIGHT, L. W. BENDRE. 

